Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov khoom polyurethane tau dhau los ua nrov zuj zus, xws li cov vaj huam sib luag cia khoom txias uas tsim los ntawm Harbin Dong'an Building Sheets hauv Suav teb, uas yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polyurethane.
Feem ntau, polyurethane muaj peev xwm muab faib ua thermosetting thiab thermoplastic, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau polyurethane plastics (feem ntau yog ua npuas ncauj plastics), polyurethane fibers (spandex), thiab polyurethane elastomers. Feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv polyurethane hu ua thermosetting, xws li cov mos mos, tawv thiab semi-rigid polyurethane ua npuas ncauj.
Kev siv cov polyurethane rov ua dua feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab, vim tias txoj kev no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab pheej yig. Tshwj xeeb, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb txoj kev rov ua dua tshiab:
Txoj kev no yog cov thev naus laus zis siv rov qab siv ntau tshaj plaws. Cov ua npuas polyurethane mos mos raug tsoo ua ob peb centimeter los ntawm lub tshuab sib tsoo, thiab cov nplaum polyurethane uas muaj zog raug txau rau hauv lub tshuab sib tov. Cov nplaum uas siv feem ntau yog polyurethane ua npuas sib xyaw lossis NCO terminated prepolymer raws li polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI). Thaum siv cov nplaum PAPI rau kev sib txuas thiab molding, kev sib tov pa kuj tuaj yeem qhia tau. Thaum lub sijhawm sib txuas cov polyurethane pov tseg, ntxiv 90% polyurethane pov tseg thiab 10% nplaum, sib tov kom sib npaug, lossis ntxiv qee cov xim, thiab tom qab ntawd nias cov khoom sib tov.
Cov thev naus laus zis sib txuas tsis yog tsuas yog muaj kev ywj pheej zoo xwb, tab sis kuj muaj kev hloov pauv ntau hauv cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov khoom kawg. Txoj kev rov ua dua tshiab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom polyurethane yog tsim cov ua npuas polyurethane rov ua dua tshiab los ntawm kev sib txuas cov ua npuas pov tseg xws li cov khoom seem ua npuas mos, uas feem ntau yog siv ua cov ntaub pua plag tom qab, cov ntaub pua chaw ua si, cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv suab thiab lwm yam khoom. Cov khoom ua npuas mos thiab cov nplaum tuaj yeem pwm rau hauv cov khoom xws li cov ntaub pua plag hauv qab tsheb ntawm qee qhov kub thiab siab; Los ntawm kev siv siab thiab kub siab dua, cov khoom tawv xws li lub twj tso kua mis tuaj yeem pwm tawm.
Cov ua npuas ncauj polyurethane ruaj khov thiab cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj molding (RIM) polyurethane elastomer kuj tuaj yeem rov ua dua los ntawm tib txoj kev. Sib tov cov khoom pov tseg nrog isocyanate prepolymers rau kev nias kub, xws li kev tsim cov yeeb nkab rau cov kab ke cua sov. | 2,Kub nias molding Cov khoom ua los ntawm thermosetting polyurethane mos mos thiab RIM polyurethane muaj qee yam khoom ua kom mos thiab yas hauv qhov kub ntawm 100-200 ℃. Hauv qab qhov kub thiab txias siab, cov polyurethane pov tseg tuaj yeem sib txuas ua ke yam tsis tas siv cov nplaum. Yuav kom cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab sib xws, feem ntau yuav tsum tau zom cov pov tseg thiab tom qab ntawd ua kom sov thiab nias nws kom zoo.
Cov xwm txheej tsim khoom nyob ntawm hom polyurethane pov tseg thiab cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab. Piv txwv li, cov pov tseg polyurethane ua npuas ncauj mos mos tuaj yeem raug nias kub rau ob peb feeb ntawm qhov siab ntawm 1-30MPa thiab qhov kub ntawm 100-220 ° C los tsim cov khoom nqus dej, cov av nkos, thiab lwm yam khoom.
Txoj kev no tau siv tau zoo rau kev rov ua dua cov khoom siv tsheb RIM hom polyurethane. Piv txwv li, cov vaj huam sib luag qhov rooj tsheb thiab cov vaj huam sib luag ntsuas tuaj yeem tsim tau nrog kwv yees li 6% RIM polyurethane hmoov thiab 15% fiberglass. | 3,Siv ua cov khoom sau Cov ua npuas ncauj polyurethane mos mos tuaj yeem hloov mus ua cov khoom me me los ntawm kev sib tsoo lossis sib tsoo kub qis, thiab cov khoom tawg ntawm cov khoom no raug ntxiv rau polyols rau kev tsim cov ua npuas ncauj polyurethane lossis lwm yam khoom, uas tsis tsuas yog rov qab tau cov khoom siv polyurethane pov tseg, tab sis kuj tseem txo cov nqi khoom. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hmoov tawg hauv MDI raws li txias kho polyurethane ua npuas ncauj yog txwv rau 15%, thiab 25% ntawm cov hmoov tawg tuaj yeem ntxiv rau hauv TDI raws li kub kho ua npuas ncauj ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws.
Ib qho txheej txheem yog ntxiv cov khib nyiab ua npuas ncauj uas tau muab txiav ua ntej rau hauv cov khoom ua npuas ncauj polyether polyol mos, thiab tom qab ntawd ntub nws hauv lub tshuab zeb kom tsim tau cov khoom sib xyaw "rov ua dua polyol" uas muaj cov khoom me me rau kev tsim cov khoom ua npuas ncauj mos.
Cov khib nyiab RIM polyurethane tuaj yeem raug tsoo ua hmoov, sib xyaw nrog cov khoom siv raw, thiab tom qab ntawd tsim ua RIM elastomers. Tom qab cov khib nyiab polyurethane ua npuas ncauj thiab polyisocyanurate (PIR) ua npuas ncauj raug tsoo, nws kuj tseem siv tau los ntxiv 5% cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke los tsim cov npuas ncauj ruaj khov. |
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ib txoj kev kho tshuaj lom neeg tshiab tau tshwm sim
Pawg neeg University of Illinois uas coj los ntawm Xibfwb Steven Zimmerman tau tsim ib txoj kev los rhuav cov khib nyiab polyurethane thiab hloov nws mus ua lwm yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig.
Tus tub ntxhais kawm tiav qib siab Ephraim Morado vam tias yuav siv cov polymers rov qab los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom pov tseg polyurethane. Txawm li cas los xij, polyurethane muaj kev ruaj khov siab heev thiab yog ua los ntawm ob yam khoom uas nyuaj rau lwj: isocyanates thiab polyols.
Cov Polyols yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov teeb meem, vim lawv tau rho tawm los ntawm roj av thiab tsis yooj yim lwj. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov teeb meem no, pab pawg tshawb fawb tau siv cov tshuaj lom neeg acetal uas yooj yim lwj thiab yaj hauv dej. Cov khoom lwj uas tsim los ntawm kev yaj cov polymers nrog trichloroacetic acid thiab dichloromethane ntawm chav tsev kub tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab. Ua pov thawj ntawm lub tswv yim, Morado tuaj yeem hloov cov elastomers siv dav hauv kev ntim khoom thiab cov khoom siv tsheb mus rau hauv cov nplaum.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txoj kev siv dua tshiab no yog tus nqi thiab kev lom ntawm cov khoom siv raw siv rau qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb tam sim no tab tom sim nrhiav txoj hauv kev zoo dua thiab pheej yig dua los ua tiav tib txoj kev los ntawm kev siv cov kuab tshuaj me me xws li vinegar rau kev rhuav tshem.
Yav tom ntej, Harbin Dong'an lub tsevdaim ntawvs lub tuam txhabtseem yuav ua raws li kev lag luam txoj kev tsim kho tshiab thiab txuas ntxiv mus nqis peev rau hauv thev naus laus zis thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, txuas ntxiv tsim kho tshiab kom Dong'an cov vaj huam sib luag polyurethane zoo rau ib puag ncig thiab noj qab haus huv dua. Peb kuj ntseeg tias yuav muaj ntau cov thev naus laus zis tiv thaiv ib puag ncig tshiab yug los yav tom ntej.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-09-2023