Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov khoom siv polyurethane tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam, xws li cov khoom siv txias txias ua los ntawm Harbin Dong'an Tsev Sheets hauv Suav teb, uas yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polyurethane.
Feem ntau, polyurethane tuaj yeem muab faib ua thermosetting thiab thermoplastic, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov yas polyurethane (feem ntau yog npuas yas), polyurethane fibers (spandex), thiab polyurethane elastomers. Feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv polyurethane yog hu ua thermosetting, xws li mos, tawv thiab semi-rigid polyurethane foams.
Kev rov ua dua ntawm polyurethane feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem rov ua dua lub cev, vim tias txoj kev no yog qhov zoo thiab kev lag luam. Tshwj xeeb, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb txoj hauv kev rov ua dua tshiab:
Txoj kev no yog kev siv tshuab siv dua tshiab tshaj plaws. Cov mos mos polyurethane ua npuas ncauj yog crushed rau hauv ob peb centimeter pieces los ntawm ib tug grinder, thiab cov reactive polyurethane nplaum yog sprayed nyob rau hauv lub tov khoom. Cov nplaum siv feem ntau yog polyurethane ua npuas ncauj ua ke los yog NCO terminated prepolymer raws li polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI). Thaum siv PAPI raws li cov nplaum rau kev sib txuas thiab molding, chav sib xyaw kuj tuaj yeem qhia tau. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas cov khib nyiab polyurethane, ntxiv 90% pov tseg polyurethane thiab 10% nplaum, sib tov sib npaug, los yog ntxiv qee cov dyes, thiab tom qab ntawd nias qhov sib tov.
Kev sib koom ua ke thev naus laus zis tsis yog tsuas yog muaj qhov yooj yim, tab sis kuj muaj qhov hloov pauv loj hauv cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov khoom kawg. Txoj kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv polyurethane yog tsim cov khoom siv polyurethane ua npuas ncauj los ntawm kev sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg xws li cov khoom ua npuas ncauj, uas yog siv los ua ntaub pua plag, ntaub pua plag, cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev thiab lwm yam khoom. Cov khoom ua npuas ncauj thiab cov nplaum tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov khoom xws li lub tsheb hauv qab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias; Los ntawm kev siv siab dua thiab kub, cov khoom siv tawv xws li cov twj tso kua mis tuaj yeem raug molded.
Rigid polyurethane ua npuas ncauj thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txhaj tshuaj molding (RIM) polyurethane elastomer kuj tuaj yeem siv los ntawm tib txoj kev. Sib tov cov khoom pov tseg nrog isocyanate prepolymers rau kub nias txoj kev, xws li kev tsim cov yeeb nkab brackets rau pipeline cua sov tshuab. | 2,Kub nias molding Thermosetting polyurethane soft foam thiab RIM polyurethane cov khoom muaj qee yam thermal softening thiab plasticity zog nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm 100-200 ℃. Nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab siab siab, pov tseg polyurethane tuaj yeem sib koom ua ke yam tsis tas siv cov nplaum. Txhawm rau ua kom cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txhuam cov khib nyiab thiab tom qab ntawd kub thiab nias nws mus rau hauv cov duab.
Cov txheej txheem tsim nyob ntawm seb hom khib nyiab polyurethane thiab cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab. Piv txwv li, polyurethane mos ua npuas ncauj pov tseg tuaj yeem kub nias rau ob peb feeb ntawm qhov siab ntawm 1-30MPa thiab qhov kub ntawm 100-220 ° C los tsim cov shock absorbers, mudguards, thiab lwm yam khoom.
Txoj kev no tau ua tiav zoo rau kev rov ua dua ntawm RIM hom polyurethane automotive Cheebtsam. Piv txwv li, lub tsheb qhov rooj vaj huam sib luag thiab ntsuas vaj huam sib luag tuaj yeem tsim nrog kwv yees li 6% RIM polyurethane hmoov thiab 15% fiberglass. | 3,Siv raws li muab tub lim Polyurethane mos ua npuas ncauj tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom zoo los ntawm cov txheej txheem qis qis los yog sib tsoo, thiab cov khoom tawg ntawm cov khoom no tau ntxiv rau polyols rau kev tsim polyurethane ua npuas ncauj lossis lwm yam khoom, uas tsis yog tsuas yog rov qab cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg polyurethane, tab sis kuj txo qis. tus nqi khoom. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hmoov tawg hauv MDI raws li txias kho tau yooj yim polyurethane ua npuas ncauj yog txwv rau 15%, thiab 25% ntawm cov hmoov tawg tuaj yeem ntxiv rau hauv TDI raws li kub kho ua npuas ncauj feem ntau.
Ib txoj hauv kev yog ntxiv cov khib nyiab pov tseg ua ntej ua npuas ncauj ua npuas ncauj polyether polyol, thiab tom qab ntawd ntub nws hauv ib lub zeb tsim nyog los tsim ib qho "polyol" sib tov uas muaj cov khoom zoo rau kev tsim ua npuas ncauj.
Cov khib nyiab RIM polyurethane tuaj yeem raug crushed rau hauv cov hmoov, tov nrog raw cov ntaub ntawv, thiab ces tsim rau hauv RIM elastomers. Tom qab cov khib nyiab polyurethane rigid ua npuas ncauj thiab polyisocyanurate (PIR) ua npuas ncauj pov tseg, nws kuj tseem siv tau los ntxiv 5% cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke los tsim ua npuas ncauj. |
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ib txoj kev kho tshuaj tshiab tau tshwm sim
Pab pawg University of Illinois coj los ntawm xibfwb Steven Zimmerman tau tsim ib txoj hauv kev rau decomposing polyurethane pov tseg thiab hloov mus rau lwm yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig.
Cov tub ntxhais kawm tiav Ephraim Morado cia siab tias yuav rov siv cov polymers los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj los daws cov teeb meem ntawm cov khib nyiab polyurethane. Txawm li cas los xij, polyurethane muaj kev ruaj ntseg siab heev thiab yog tsim los ntawm ob yam uas nyuaj rau decompose: isocyanates thiab polyols.
Polyols yog tus yuam sij rau qhov teeb meem, vim lawv tau muab rho tawm los ntawm roj av thiab tsis yooj yim degraded. Txhawm rau zam qhov teeb meem no, pab pawg tshawb fawb tau txais ib qho yooj yim degradable thiab dej-soluble tshuaj acetal. Cov khoom degradation tsim los ntawm dissolving polymers nrog trichloroacetic acid thiab dichloromethane nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub yuav siv tau rau zus tau tej cov ntaub ntawv tshiab. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm lub tswv yim, Morado tuaj yeem hloov elastomers dav siv hauv ntim thiab tsheb qhov chaw rau hauv cov nplaum.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws ntawm txoj kev rov ua dua tshiab no yog tus nqi thiab toxicity ntawm cov khoom siv raw siv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb tam sim no tab tom sim nrhiav txoj hauv kev zoo dua thiab pheej yig dua kom ua tiav cov txheej txheem tib yam los ntawm kev siv cov kuab tshuaj me me xws li vinegar rau degradation.
Yav tom ntej, Harbin Dong'an lub tsevdaim ntawvs tuam txhabtseem yuav ua tib zoo ua raws li kev lag luam kev tsim kho tshiab thiab txuas ntxiv mus nqis peev hauv kev siv tshuab thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, tsis tu ncua innovating kom Dong'an polyurethane panels ntau tus phooj ywg zoo thiab noj qab nyob zoo. Peb kuj ntseeg tias yuav muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig tshiab ntxiv rau yav tom ntej.
Post lub sij hawm: Nov-09-2023