Kev xaiv cov khoom zoocov khoom siv hlautxiav txim siab txog kev nyab xeeb, lub neej ua haujlwm, thiab tag nrho cov nqi ntawm qhov project. Cov engineers yuav tsum soj ntsuam qib khoom siv, qhov tseeb ntawm seem, qhov zoo ntawm kev tsim khoom, thiab cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv. Txhua yam tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau lub peev xwm thauj khoom, kev tiv taus kev nkees, thiab kev xav tau kev saib xyuas.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm World Steel Association, kev siv hlau thoob ntiaj teb hauv kev tsim kho ntau tshaj 1.8 billion tons txhua xyoo. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hlau hauv cov qauv feem ntau yog vim kev xaiv cov khoom tsis zoo es tsis yog kev tsim qauv yuam kev. Kev xaiv cov khoom tsis zoo feem ntau ua rau cov nqi siv tas mus li ntau dua 20 feem pua. Kev xaiv zoo txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov qauv thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim kho.
Cov khoom siv qib ntawm cov khoom siv hlau
Qib khoom siv yog lub hauv paus ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom. Cov teb chaws thiab thaj chaw sib txawv muaj cov qauv sib txawv rau cov qib hlau. Piv txwv li, Q235 thiab Q355 feem ntau siv rau hauv cov hlau ua vaj tse hauv Suav teb. Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, ASTM A36 thiab ASTM A572 Qib 50 feem ntau siv. Cov khoom siv EN S355 yog cov feem ntau hauv kev lag luam European.
Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, yuav muaj ntau thiab ntau dua kev yuav khoom hla ciam teb. Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom sib txawv thiab cov qauv qib raw khoom. Cov neeg muag khoom yuav tsum muab cov ntawv pov thawj khoom siv kom ntseeg tau tias lub zog tso zis, lub zog tensile thiab elongation ntawm lawv cov khoom ua tau raws li cov qauv ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom. Lub zog tso zis ntawm Q235 hlau tsis tsawg dua 235Mpa, thiab Q355 hlau zoo ib yam li EN S355, ncav cuag 355MPa. Lub zog tso zis ntawm ASTM A36 tsis tsawg dua 250Mpa, thiab ASTM A572 Qib 50de yog li 345Mpa.
Qhov loj ntawm seem hla thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov qauv hlau
Qhov loj ntawm ntu hla yog qhov tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab qhov muaj peev xwm nqa tau, lub zog tensile thiab qhov tawv ntawm cov khoom. Noj cov khoom kub dovHlau zoo li tus HPiv txwv li, thaum qhov siab tsawg dua 400 hli, qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov dav ntawm flange feem ntau raug tswj hwm hauv ± 2 hli, thiab qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub web tuab yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj ± 0.5 hli. Qhov ncaj ntawm cov khoom kuj tseem ceeb heev, thiab qhov kev hloov pauv feem ntau tsis pub ntau tshaj 1/1000 ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom. Piv txwv li, rau lub nqaj ntev 12-meter, qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm kev khoov yuav tsum tsawg dua 12 hli.
Qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev nqa thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw. Cov tsev hlau muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom raug heev rau kev teeb tsa thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho. Qhov yuam kev raug ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw hauv qhov loj me lossis qhov mounting yuav ua rau cov khoom sib xyaw tsis tuaj yeem teeb tsa tau zoo raws li tsim. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog xav kom cov neeg tsim kho ua qhov kev hloov kho ntawm qhov chaw, ua rau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab tus nqi ntau dua, tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev pheej hmoo thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm lub tsev.
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xaiv tus neeg muag khoom loj dua. Vim tias cov neeg muag khoom loj thiab zoo feem ntau muaj cov tshuab kuaj ultrasonic, cov tshuab txiav laser, 3D CNC drilling thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem txo qhov yuam kev raug ntawm cov khoom hauv kev vuam thiab machining. Qhov yuam kev loj me ntawm kev txiav tuaj yeem tswj tau hauv ± 1 hli, thiab qhov yuam kev ntawm qhov chaw drilling tsis pub tshaj ± 0.5 hli. Tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg muag khoom loj feem ntau muaj pab pawg neeg tsim qauv uas muaj kev paub dhau los, uas tuaj yeem zam ntau yam kev pheej hmoo thiab teeb meem ua ntej.
Kev kho mob tiv thaiv xeb ntawm cov khoom siv hlau
Vim tias cov khoom hlau yooj yim xeb, kev kho tiv thaiv xeb yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntsuas lub neej ua haujlwm thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hlau. Feem ntau, kev kho tiv thaiv xeb ntawm cov khoom siv hlau yog muab faib ua peb qhov txuas, uas yog txheej tiv thaiv xeb, tua blasting thiab tshem tawm xeb, thiab txheej tiv thaiv xeb.
Kev kub-dip galvanized yog ib txoj kev tiv thaiv rau cov hlau. Lub thickness ntawm cov zinc txheej feem ntau yog 65 txog 85µm, uas tuaj yeem muab kev tiv thaiv rau ntau tshaj 30 xyoo hauv ib puag ncig corrosive nruab nrab. Qhov txuas no feem ntau yog muab ncaj qha los ntawm cov khoom siv raw hlau. Tom qab ua tiav cov khoom, tus neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum tau tua cov khoom. Los ntawm kev cuam tshuam tas mus li ntawm kev kub ceev rotating txhaj tshuaj blasting, cov av thiab xeb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom raug tev tawm. Tib lub sijhawm, cov txheej txheem no yuav ua rau kom qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom thiab txhim kho qhov adhesion ntawm cov txheej.
Kev txau xim yog kauj ruam kawg hauv kev kho xeb ntawm cov qauv hlau. Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav siv cov txheej sib txawv los txau cov khoom ntau zaus. Cov txheej txheem txheej zoo feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm ntau txheej xws li epoxy primer, xim nruab nrab thiab polyurethane topcoat, nrog tag nrho tuab ntawm 200µm. Lub kaw lus no ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom los ntawm cov txheej kom tiv thaiv tau qhov loj tshaj plaws, thiab tuaj yeem ua kom lub voj voog tiv thaiv xeb ntawm 15-20 xyoo.
Cov khoom sib txuas uas tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej
Cov khoom sib txuas feem ntau tswj hwm kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov qauv. Cov ntsia hlau, cov phaj, thiab cov hlua khi yuav tsum phim cov kev xav tau thauj khoom. Cov ntsia hlau muaj zog siab feem ntau ua raws li ASTM A325 lossis A490 cov qauv. ASTM A325 bolts muab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tensile zog ntawm 830 MPa. A490 bolts ncav cuag 1,040 MPa. Siv cov kev sib txuas slip-critical rau cov khoom thauj dynamic. Cov kev sib txuas no xav tau cov coefficients sib txhuam ntawm qhov chaw siab dua 0.35. Cov zog pretension rau M20 A325 bolts ncav cuag li 172 kN.
Cov phaj txuas yuav tsum phim lossis tshaj qib hlau niam txiv. Feem ntau cov phaj tuab yog txij li 8 txog 25 hli hauv cov tsev lag luam. Cov ntsia hlau txuas yuav tsum tiv taus ob qho tib si kev nruj thiab kev txiav. Qib 8.8 cov ntsia hlau txuas muab lub zog ntawm 640 MPa. Qhov nrug ntawm ntug kom zoo tiv thaiv kev tawg ntawm cov pob zeb. Qhov nrug tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm ntug yuav tsum sib npaug tsawg kawg yog plaub txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov ntsia hlau. Kev xaiv cov khoom sib txuas kom raug ntawm kev sib txuas txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov pob qij txha ntau dua 40 feem pua hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Ib Hlis-04-2026